1) Soil Texture INTRODUCTION Soil is a material composed of five ingredients — minerals, soil organic matter, living organisms, gas, and water (Needelman, 2013). Soil performs many essential functions in almost any ecosystems, like farm, forest, marsh and so on. Soil is a natural resource, an amazing substance. Earth is unique because there is dirt on Earth, Mars and Venus do not have soil. The texture and the distribution of mineral particles in the soil are the most important for the soil. Soil texture is an inherent soil quality property (Measuring Soil Texture in the Laboratory, 2018). The percentages of particles in these size classes is called soil texture (Needelman, 2013). Soil texture affects microbial activity by directly affecting water content and the temperature of soil (Chodak et al., 2010). The textural class is also important for soil aggregation and porosity. In addition, soil texture plays a key role in gas exchange (respiration of roots and microor
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