Weekly Report 3: JAGUNG PANDAN
FACULTY
OF SCIENCE AND NATURAL RESOURCES
SS11403 SAINS TANAH SEKITARAN
SEMESTER 2 2017/2018
Date of
Submission:
28th April
2018
MADAM DIANA DEMIYAH BINTI MOHD HAMDAN
TITLE
: ' JAGUNG
PANDAN’
NAME
|
MATRIC
NUMBER
|
PAVITRA A/P
MURUGAYAH
|
BS17160700
|
NURUL
NATASYAH BINTI KANAPIA@HANAFIAH
|
BS17110546
|
KONG WAN
LING
|
BS17110429
|
NURFATIN
SOFEA BINTI MOHD HELMI
|
BS17110574
|
SOW XIAO
HUI
|
BS17110464
|
AARON CHIN
VUI CHANG
|
BS17160670
|
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Soil is
typically a mixture of inorganic and organic particles. The inorganic particles
are mineral based and come from rocks that have been weathered and broken down
into smaller pieces over a long period of time. The organic particles contain
carbon compounds and they come from anything that was once living and has since
died and decayed - including plants, microbes, insects and animals.
For plants to
grow, there are quite a number of factors that come to play. There are those
factors that can support growth of plants and others that may inhibit the
process. The common factors affecting plant growth can be categorized into
nutritional and environmental factors. Nutritional factors include water and
nutrients while environmental factors comprise of light, temperature, relative
humidity, soil, carbon dioxide and humidity. The types of soil also play an
important in the growth of plants. Water is also another nutritional factor
that affects plants’ growth in that; it is one of the most essential
requirements. It is with water that processes like photosynthesis, respiration,
transportation of plant nutrients and transpiration take place. This means that
without water, plants will automatically die.
Most soil
conditions across the world can provide plants adapted to that climate and soil
with sufficient nutrition for a complete life cycle, without the addition of
nutrients as fertilizer. However, if the soil is cropped it is necessary to
artificially modify soil fertility through the addition of fertilizer to
promote vigorous growth and increase or sustain yield. This is done because,
even with adequate water and light, nutrient deficiency can limit growth and
crop yield.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
- To find out which is the most
suitable soil to grow jagung pandan.
- To find out which soil is most
fertile to grow jagung pandan
productively?
- To investigate the growth of jagung pandan related with soil minerals and phytoavailability / bioavailability.
3.0 APPARATUS AND MATERIALS
1.
Jagung pandan seeds
2.
5
pots (poked same number of holes at the bottom of the pot for drainage)
3.
5
different soil texture
4.
500ml
recycle bottle (for watering)
5.
15
cm ruler
4.0 PROCEDURE
1. The pot was filled up with soil. The soil was pat to compress the soil so that the level of soil does not shrink after watering.
2. The number of seeds were divided equally for each pot and the seeds were spaced when seed sowing.
3. About 2 cm thick of soil was topped after seed are placed on the soil. Then each pot was watered with the same amount of water which was 500ml.
4. After weeks, ruler was used to measure the height of the plants.
1. The pot was filled up with soil. The soil was pat to compress the soil so that the level of soil does not shrink after watering.
2. The number of seeds were divided equally for each pot and the seeds were spaced when seed sowing.
3. About 2 cm thick of soil was topped after seed are placed on the soil. Then each pot was watered with the same amount of water which was 500ml.
4. After weeks, ruler was used to measure the height of the plants.
5.0 RESULTS
Table 5.1: Growth of plant Jagung Pandan from Week 5 to week 6
Type of
soil
|
Week
|
|||||
5
|
6
|
|||||
Average
plant height (cm)
|
Survival
rate (%)
|
Mortality
rate (%)
|
Average
plant height (cm)
|
Survival rate
(%)
|
Mortality
rate (%)
|
|
Lake of
Residential College E
|
29.1
|
100.0
|
0.0
|
30.2
|
100.0
|
0.0
|
Sandy
|
15.3
|
100.0
|
0.0
|
16.0
|
100.0
|
0.0
|
Mangrove
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
Faculty of
Science and Natural Resources
|
16.2
|
100.0
|
0.0
|
17.4
|
100.0
|
0.0
|
Mountain
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
Table 5.2: The observation of the
plants throughout week 5 and week 6
Type of
soil
|
Observation
|
|
Week 5
|
Week 6
|
|
Lake of
Residential College E
|
More
yellowish leaves can been seen.
|
Most of the
leaves became yellowish in a wilted condition.
|
Sandy
|
The shoots
became yellowish and wilted with purplish condition.
|
More
purplish shoots in wilted condition is observed.
|
Mangrove
|
No growth
|
No growth
|
Faculty of
Science and Natural Resources
|
Purplish
and yellowish shoots in wilted condition is observed.
|
More
purplish shoots in wilted condition.
|
Mountain
|
No growth
|
No growth
|
Figure 5.1 shows Jagung Pandan in the soil from Lake of Residential College E for
Week 5
Figure 5.2 shows Jagung Pandan in Sandy soil for Week 5
Figurer 5.3 shows Jagung Pandan in soil from Faculty of
Science and Natural Resources for week 5
Figure 5.4 shows Jagung Pandan in the lake of Residential College E soil for week 6
Figure 5.5 shows Jagung Pandan in sandy soil for week 6
Figure 5.6 shows Jagung Pandan in the soil from Faculty of Science and Natural Resources
for week 6
Figure 5.7 shows Jagung Pandan soils from week 5 to week 6
6.0 DISCUSSION
From the Table 5.1, it shows that the
soil from the lake of Residential College E is the highest growth rate for the
plant and had a 100% of germination rate and the most suitable for growing Jagung Pandan from week 1 until week 6.
While, the most unsuitable soil for growing Jagung
Pandan is the soil from mangrove and mountain that shows 0% of growth rate
and germination seeds from week 1 until week 6. The acidity of the soil affect
the growing of plants when the pH reading is too high or low it will lead to a
loss of these microorganisms and cause in a less healthy soil overall.
The soil from lake of
Residential College E soil, sandy soil and from Faculty of Science and Natural
Resources soil shows that the range pH for the growth of plants is suitable. The
soil pH for the most plants is between 6 and 6.5 that shows the soil is acidity
and suitable for growing plants such Jagung
Pandan. However, the mangrove soil and the mountain soil are not suitable
for the growth because they are not in the pH range. Whereas for the soil from
mountain, the pH is different because is based on the slope of the upland.
Based on Table 5.2, most
of the shoots from lake of Residential College E shows the leaves became
yellowish in a wilted condition in week 6. The most common reason that plants
leaves turns to yellow is because of moisture stress which can be either over
watering or under watering. This is also related to slow organic matter
mineralization and lower supply of plant available sulphate-S. Potassium also
may be lacking in the edges and the tips of leaves that become yellow and
nitrogen deficiency may be present if the edges and centre vein is yellow.
For the sandy soil and
Faculty of Science and natural resources soil are having shoots which yellowish
and purplish with wilted condition. This is because, when phosphorus deficiency
in the soil it will have narrow, bluish green leaves that eventually turn
reddish purple and the corn roots need aerated soil for metabolic process and
nutrient uptake. This occur early in the season, often due to cold and wet
soil. It may also elevated levels of anthocyanin, which is a purple coloured
pigment and this pigment builds up when a plant becomes stressed and normal
plant functions will be interrupted. So, if sufficient phosphorus is present,
adding more phosphorus will not turn purple leaves to green.
Soil moisture and its
availability is a primary factor in plant productivity to support plant growth
and if too little moisture it can results in yield loss and plant growth. The ability
of water to move through soil and be stored in soil depends heavily on soil
type. Soil from lake of Residential College E, Sandy soil and soil from FSSA
has low water holding capacity due to its large particles and both water and
nutrient can easily drain out of reach of plants. While that soil does not hold
much of water and it holds easily available to Jagung Pandan growth. Soil from lake of Residential College E is
the most fertile to grow upland Jagung
Pandan productively.
Soil minerals play a vital
role in soil fertility since mineral surfaces serve as potential sites for
nutrient storage and different types of soil minerals hold and retain different
amounts of nutrients. Bioavailability related the growth of Jagung Pandan which commonly a limiting
factor in the productions of crop and in the removal of toxic substances from
the food chain by microorganisms. Next, the Rhizosphere is a microecological
zone in direct proximity of plants roots and the area heavily influences by
microorganisms that feed on the compounds exuded by the roots within the soil.
Soil moisture and soil texture is the factor that influencing soil microbial
activity and soil organic activity and Rhizosphere processes are soil process
that are influenced by living plant roots.
7.0 CONCLUSION
We can concluded that soil from lake
of Residential College E, Sandy soil and soil from Faculty of Science and
Natural Resources are still growing for Jagung
Pandan plants from week 1 until week 6 and the leaves become less of
nutrient because of limited sunlight or watering issues. The mangrove soil and
the soil from mountain shows still no growing for Jagung Pandan because of the different range for pH that unsuitable
for the growth of the plants.
8.0 REFERENCE
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